Nudge theory is a flexible and modern change-management concept for: understanding of how people think, make decisions, and behave, helping people improve their. Theory X and Theory Y was an idea devised by Douglas McGregor (see article) in his 1960 book “The Human Side of Enterprise”. It encapsulated a fundamental distinction between management styles and has formed the basis for much subsequent writing on the subject.

It has been suggested that be into this article. () Proposed since January 2016.

Motivation is the reason for people's, desires, and needs. Motivation is also one's direction to behavior, or what causes a person to want to repeat a behavior. A motive is what prompts the person to act in a certain way, or at least develop an inclination for specific behavior. Web Service To File Scenario In Sap Pi Sheets. According to Maehr and Meyer, 'Motivation is a word that is part of the popular culture as few other psychological concepts are.'

Types of theories and models:- Motivation theories can be classified on a number of bases: •: based on whether the underlying theory of human is based on natural forces (drives, needs, desires) or some kind of rationality (instrumentality, meaningfulness, self-identity). • vs.: based on whether the focus is on the content ('what') motivates vs process ('how') motivation takes place. Main article: Motivation as a desire to perform an action is usually defined as having two parts, directional such as directed towards a positive stimulus or away from a negative one, as well as the activated 'seeking phase' and consummatory 'liking phase'. This type of motivation has neurobiological roots in the, and mesolimbic. Activated 'seeking' behavior, such as locomotor activity, is influenced by dopaminergic drugs, and experiments reveal that is released during the anticipation of a.

The 'wanting behavior' associated with a rewarding stimulus can be increased by microinjections of and dopaminergic drugs in the and. Injections in this area produce pleasure, however outside of these they create an increased desire. Furthermore, depletion or inhibition of dopamine in neurons of the nucleus accumbens decreases appetitive but not consummatory behavior. Dopamine is further implicated in motivation as administration of amphetamine increased the break point in a progressive ratio self-reinforcement schedule.

That is, subjects were willing to go to greater lengths (e.g. Press a lever more times) to obtain a reward. Psychological theories [ ] Motivation can be conceived of as a cycle in which thoughts influence behaviors, behaviors drive performance, performance affects thoughts, and the cycle begins again. Each stage of the cycle is composed of many dimensions including attitudes, beliefs, intentions, effort, and withdrawal which can all affect the motivation that an individual experiences. Most psychological theories hold that motivation exists purely within the individual, but express motivation as an outcome of participation in actions and activities within the context of social groups.

Rational motivations [ ] The idea that human beings are rational and is guided by reason is an old one. However, recent research (on for example) has significantly undermined the idea of or of in favour of a more. The field of is particularly concerned with the limits of rationality in economic agents. Incentive theories: intrinsic and extrinsic motivation [ ] Motivation can be divided into two different theories known as intrinsic (internal or inherent) motivation and extrinsic (external) motivation. Intrinsic motivation [ ]. See also: and Intrinsic motivation has been studied since the early 1970s.

Intrinsic motivation is the self-desire to seek out new things and new challenges, to analyze one's capacity, to observe and to gain knowledge. It is driven by an interest or enjoyment in the task itself, and exists within the individual rather than relying on external pressures or a desire for consideration.